The Dynamics of Religious Moderation in Al-Makmur Islamic Boarding School: Gaps Between Curriculum, Culture, and Students' Religious Practices in the Digital Era

Abstract

The The digital era has shifted religious authority among santri from a pesantren-centered structure to a more open and fragmented sphere. However, previous studies have largely framed religious moderation as a normative concept and have paid limited attention to its practical dynamics within the interaction of curriculum, pesantren culture, and digital media. This study aims to explore the dynamics of religious moderation implementation at Al-Makmur Tungkar Islamic Boarding School. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document analysis, and analyzed inductively using an interactive model. The findings indicate that the implementation of religious moderation is complex and non-linear. The internalization of moderation values within the curriculum remains predominantly cognitive, while pesantren culture serves as a strong yet no longer absolute arena for value transmission. Furthermore, digital media has generated a phenomenon of dual authority that contributes to fragmentation between religious values, pesantren culture, and santri's religious practices. This study concludes that religious moderation constitutes a dynamic and negotiative social practice in the digital era.